E mafai e polo siama nano ona pala ma mitiia le ammonia, nitrous nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide ma metala mamafa, ma e iai uiga o le "multivalent cation", lea e mafai ona faʻaleleia atili ai le gafatia e mitiia ai siama nitrifying, faʻavavevaveina le tuputupu aʻe o meaola ninii, ma faʻatino lelei ma vave le aafiaga o ala o faasalalauga faamama, ma fausia ai se vaega o siama aoga.